Dermatoglyphics is the scientific and analytical study of fingerprints. Every individual's fingerprints are distinctive; one can determine one's ingrained potential, individuality, and choices by interpreting dermatoglyphics. This twin-city survey was undertaken to evaluate the fingerprint patterns of children with dental caries [study groups – rampant caries vs early childhood caries (ECC)] and caries-free individual (control group).

This study was carried out to determine the correlation between dermatoglyphic pattern and caries prevalence in young children in the twin cities of Pune and Mumbai.

Two centers were selected in Pune and Mumbai. A total of 300 patients (150 patients in each center) were randomly selected from the age group ranging between 3 and 5 years. The samples were divided into two groups: Group I: Caries group, and group II: Caries-free group. Group I was further divided into children with ECC and children with rampant caries. Clinical examination of dental caries was done using mouth mirror and probe (only to remove debris and not probe into the fissures) in daylight or suitable light source. Fingerprints were obtained by the conventional ink method. Statistical results were obtained by one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey's correction for multiple group comparisons using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.

The evaluation and comparison of patterns in children with caries and caries-free children in both right and left hands showed increase in the number of whorls in children with rampant caries as compared with children with ECC. However, this was not statistically significant.

The study showed a definite variation in dermatoglyphics between the ECC, rampant caries, and caries-free group. However, the rampant caries group showed more number of whorls as compared with the ECC group, but they were statistically insignificant. Dermatoglyphics has proven to be a useful, noninvasive, and cost-efficient tool for investigating diseases with a genetic background like dental caries and cleft lip and palate, etc.

Chunawala Y, Morawala A, Ambiye A, Jain K. Twin-city Study correlating the Dermatoglyphic Patterns with Rampant Caries and Early Childhood Caries. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):1-4.

Premature exfoliation or extraction of primary tooth may lead to loss of space due to drifting of the adjacent teeth. This may also lead to undesirable effects, such as impaction of the succedaneous tooth, overeruption of the opposing tooth, and a shift of the midline, with consequent functional impairment. It is prudent to consider space maintenance when primary teeth are lost prematurely. The current study aims to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of space maintainers comparing conventional band and loop space maintainer with glass fiber-reinforced space maintainer following loss of primary teeth in mixed dentition.

A total of 30 children aged 4 to 8 years were randomly assigned into two groups – band-and-loop space maintainer (group I) and glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) space maintainer (group II). Distortion/dislodgment of the loop or the fiber frame, fracture of loop or fiber frame, gingival health, and space loss were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months interval. Gingival health was assessed by gingival index given by Loe and Silness.

Based on the statistical analysis, overall success rate of group I was found to be 69.2% and of group II was 95.7% (p = 0.026), which was statistically significant.

The GFRC space maintainers showed an overall success rate compared with band-and-loop space maintainers.

Kataria S, Chunawala Y, Morawala A, Jain K, Ambiye A. Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite Space Maintainer vs Band-and-loop Space Maintainer following Loss of Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):5-9.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the most suitable intracanal medicament with the least incidence on Interappointment flare-up.

To clinically evaluate and compare the effect of combination of calcium hydroxide (CH) and chlorhexidine (CHX) with triple antibiotic paste and combination of CH, CHX, and lycopene on interappointment flare-up.

A total of 36 patients requiring root canal treatment were selected according to the selection criteria and divided into three groups: Group I – CH and CHX, group II – triple antibiotic paste, and group III – CH, CHX, and lycopene. Access opening and biomechanical preparation of all samples, and intracanal medicaments were placed respectively. Subsequently, interappointment flare-up was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days using verbal rating scale.

One way analysis of variance test and Tukey's post hoc test.

There was no statistically significant difference seen in the clinical performance of CH + CHX, triple antibiotic paste, and mixture of CH + CHX + lycopene at the end of 14 days in terms of interappointment flare-up.

All the intracanal medicaments were effective in reducing interappointment flare-up at the end of 14 days.

Bilgi PS, Shah NC, Mehta J. Comparative Evaluation of Mixture of Calcium Hydroxide and Chlorhexidine, with Triple Antibiotic Paste and Combination of Calcium Hydroxide, Chlorhexidine, and Lycopene on Incidence of Interappointment Flare-up: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):10-14.

Endodontic treatment requires knowledge of root canal morphology and its commonly occurring variation. The utility and relevance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to the practice of endodontics is reported with increasing frequency in the field of endodontics for successful procedures. Therefore, the present study is undertaken to assess the variation in number and morphology of the root canals of primary molars.

Extracted primary molars with at least two-thirds of intact root, and 7 to 12 mm length were cleaned in water and stored in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 1 week. Thereafter, the anatomy of the root canals of these primary molars was assessed through CBCT.

In the present study, the majority of canals were ribbon shaped. Accessory canals were few and maximum number was found to be present in mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar and the least in mesiobuccal root of mandibular second molar.

The CBCT proved to be as accurate as the gold standard in studying the presence of accessory canals with clinical applicability. This study highlights the usefulness of CBCT imaging for accurate diagnosis of the unusual canal morphology.

Joshi N, Deshpande A, Poonacha KS, Bargale S, Naik K, Mehta D. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy in Primary Molars: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):15-19.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of roots instrumented with the self-adjusting file (SAF; ReDent-Nova, Ra'anana, Israel) and the Reciproc reciprocating file and that were and were not obturated using the warm vertical lateral compaction technique.

In total, 75 mandibular premolar teeth were sectioned at or below the cementoenamel junction to obtain roots 13 mm in length. The roots were balanced with respect to buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters and weight. They were distributed into four experimental groups and one control group (n = 15): No instrumentation (group I), instrumentation with SAF files but no obturation (group II), instrumentation with SAF files and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group III), instrumentation with Reciproc File but no obturation (group IV), and instrumentation with Reciproc File and obturated with warm vertical lateral compaction (group V). AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) was used along with gutta-percha points. One week later, a vertical load was applied to the specimen's canal until fracture occurred. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (p = 0.05).

The mean fracture load was 312.83 N for group I, 297.35 N for group II, 359.15 N for group III, 231.51 N for group IV, and 275.81 N for group V.

The fracture resistances exhibited a statistically significant difference between all the groups. Teeth instrumented by SAF exhibited a better fracture resistance.

Tyagi S, Choudhary E, Kabra P, Chauhan R. An in vitro comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Roots Instrumentated with Self-adjusting File and Reciproc Reciprocating File, with and without Obturation. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):20-25.

Sagittal jaw relationship is one of the basic criteria assessed for orthodontic diagnosis. ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and Beta angle are the most commonly used measures. Yen angle and W angle have been recently introduced. It was necessary to assess their predictability by comparing them with routinely used sagittal jaw indicators.

To assess Yen angle and W angle and compare them with ANB angle, Wits appraisal, and Beta angle in predicting sagittal jaw dysplasia.

A total of 40 lateral cephalograms of class I malocclusion subjects were selected and traced as per the inclusion criteria. ANB angle, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, Yen angle, and W angle were measured and compared with each other. Statistical analyses used were independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

ANB angle, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, Yen angle, and W angle all show a significant correlation with each other. Yen angle and W angle show best correlation with ANB angle showing 100% sensitivity. The values of specificity and accuracy of Yen angle with ANB angle are 73.7 and 81.48% respectively, and that of W angle with ANB angle are 44.4 and 67.74% respectively.

Yen angle and W angle show a good correlation with each other and with other three measures. Both the angles show highest correlation with ANB angle and the least correlation with Wits appraisal. Yen angle shows stronger correlation with ANB angle than W angle. Yen angle and W angle can be used to assess sagittal jaw dysplasia in addition to the established angles.

Kapadia RM, Diyora SD, Shah RB, Modi BN. Comparative Evaluation of Yen Angle and W Angle with ANB Angle, Wits Appraisal, and Beta Angle for Predicting Sagittal Jaw Dysplasia: A Cephalometric Study. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):26-31.

Kumar D, Singh V, Solanki R, Sharma R, Yadav A. Correction of Class II Malocclusion with Skeletal Deep Bite. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):32-36.

Kumar N, Kumar A, Syreen S, Singh S. Circummandibular Wiring: A Treatment Approach toward Management of Mandibular Fracture in Children. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):37-39.

Barot VJ. Rehabilitation of Lower Anteriors with Implant Therapy in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):40-44.

Kar S, Tripathi A. Treatment Outcome with Implant-supported Mandibular Overdenture opposing Natural Dentition. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):45-48.

Bharti R, Jindal G, Garg S, Kaur S, Goyal M, Gupta P. Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome: Report of Two Cases. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):49-54.