Hypertension Journal

Register      Login

VOLUME 3 , ISSUE 2 ( April-June, 2017 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Move over Blood Pressure: Make Room for Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Vital Sign

Nina Radford

Citation Information : Radford N. Move over Blood Pressure: Make Room for Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Vital Sign. Hypertens J 2017; 3 (2):51-57.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10043-0071

Published Online: 01-09-2016

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2017; The Author(s).


Abstract

How to cite this article

Radford N. Move over Blood Pressure: Make Room for Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Vital Sign. Hypertens J 2017;3(2):51-57.


PDF Share
  1. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on all-cause and disease-specific mortality: advances since 2009. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2017 Jun-Jul;60(1):11-20.
  2. Racial differences in the prognostic value of cardiorespiratory fitness (results from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project). Am J Cardiol 2016 May 1;117(9):1449-1454.
  3. Exercise capacity and mortality in older men: a 20-year follow-up study. Circulation 2010 Aug 24;122(8):790-797.
  4. Cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in diabetic men with and without cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009 Sep;85(3):e30-e33.
  5. The association between midlife cardio-respiratory fitness levels and later-life dementia: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2013 Feb 5;158(3):162-168.
  6. Midlife cardiorespiratory fitness, incident cancer, and survival after cancer in men: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. JAMA Oncol 2015 May:1(2):231-237.
  7. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA 1989 Nov 3;262(17):2395-2401.
  8. Associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiovascular disease risk factors in middle-aged Chinese women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2014 May 1;14:62.
  9. Cardio-respiratory fitness, body mass index, and cancer mortality: a cohort study of Japanese men. BMC Public Health 2014 Sep 27;14:1012.
  10. Association between exercise capacity and late onset of dementia, Alzheimer disease, and cognitive impairment. Mayo Clinic Proc 2017 Feb;92(2):211-217.
  11. Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: the St James Women Take Heart Project. Circulation 2003 Sep 30;108(13):1554-1559.
  12. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of all-cause mortality among women with impaired fasting glucose or undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Mayo Clin Proc 2009 Sep;84(9):780-786.
  13. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and heart failure mortality in men: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Circ Heart Fail 2013 Sep 1;6(5):898-905.
  14. Midlife fitness and the development of chronic conditions in later life. Arch Intern Med 2012 Sep 24;172(17):1333-1340.
  15. Cardiorespiratory fitness as predictor of cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2015 Feb;26(2):272-278.
  16. Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with total, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality across 3 decades of follow-up in men and women. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2012 May;5(3):358-364.
  17. The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in the United States: the need for a national registry: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013 Feb 5;127(5):652-662.
  18. Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016 Dec 13;134(24):e653–e699.
  19. EACPR/AHA scientific statement: clinical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing data assessment in specific patient populations. Circulation 2012 Oct 30;126(18):2261-2274.
  20. Clinician's guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010 Jul 13;122(2):191-225.
  21. Reference standards for cardiorespiratory fitness measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing: data from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database. Mayo Clin Proc 2015 Nov;90(11):1515-1523.
  22. Genomic predictors of the maximal O(2) uptake response to standardized exercise training programs. J Appl Physiol 2011 May;110(5):1160-1170.
  23. The beneficial effects of physical activity: is it down to your genes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of twin and family studies. Sports Med Open 2017 Dec;3(1):4.
  24. Physical fitness and activity as separate heart disease risk factors: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001 May;33(5):754-761.
  25. Physical activity versus cardiorespiratory fitness: two (partly) distinct components of cardiovascular health? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2015 Jan-Feb;57(4):324-329.
  26. Comparisons of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as predictors of all-cause mortality in men and women. Br J Sports Med 2011 May;45(6):504-510.
  27. Fitness versus physical activity patterns in predicting mortality in men. Am J Med 2004 Dec 15;117(12):912-918.
  28. Cardiorespiratory fitness versus physical activity as predictors of all-cause mortality in men. Am Heart J 2017 Sep.
  29. Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1997 Jul 1;96(1):308-315.
  30. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002 Dec 14;360(9349):1903-1913.
  31. Does blood pressure inevitably rise with age? Longitudinal evidence among forager-Horticulturalists. Hypertension 2012 Jul;60(1):25-33.
  32. Cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise, and blood pressure. Hypertension 2014 Dec;64(6):1160-1164.
  33. Value of primordial and primary prevention for cardiovascular disease: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011 Aug 23;124(8):967-990.
  34. Prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases a comparison of lifestyle factors in Westerners and East Asians. Hypertension 2014 Apr;63(4):655-660.
  35. Cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of hypertension incidence among initially normotensive healthy women. Am J Epidemiol 2006 Jan 15;163(2): 142-150.
  36. Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on blood pressure trajectory with aging in a cohort of healthy men. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014 Sep 23;64(12):1245-1253.
  37. Cardiorespiratory fitness reduces the risk of incident hypertension associated with a parental history of hypertension. Hypertension 2012 Jun;59(6):1220-1224.
  38. Joint associations of physical activity and aerobic fitness on the development of incident hypertension: coronary artery risk development in young adults. Hypertension 2010 Jul;56(1):49-55.
  39. Physical fitness and hypertension in a population at risk for cardiovascular disease: the Henry ford Exerc Ise testing (FIT) project. J Am Heart Assoc 2014 Dec;3(6):e001268.
  40. Prehypertension – prevalence, health risks, and management strategies. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015 May;12(5):289-300.
  41. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on incident stroke in cohorts with prehypertensive blood pressure levels: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2012 Feb;43(2):432-440.
  42. Association of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with prehypertension: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 2014 Feb;167(2):160-168e1.
  43. Exercise capacity and progression from prehypertension to hypertension. Hypertension 2012 Aug;60(2):333-338.
  44. Longitudinal patterns of cardiorespiratory fitness predict the development of hypertension among men and women. Am J Med 2017 Apr;130(4):469-476.e2.
  45. Temporal changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and the incidence of hypertension in initially normotensive subjects. Am J Hum Biol 2012 Nov-Dec;24(6):763-767.
  46. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness predicts incident hypertension: a population-based long-term study. Am J Hum Biol 2017 May 6;29(3):e22932.
  47. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med 2002 Mar 14;346(11):793-801.
  48. Body mass index, exercise capacity, and mortality risk in male veterans with hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2012 Apr;25(4):444-450.
  49. Effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on mortality among hypertensive and normotensive women and men. Epidemiology 2004 Sep;15(5):565-572.
  50. Impact of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness on hypertension, dyslipidemia and survival: an overview of the epidemiological evidence. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2017 Jun-Jul;60(1):56-66.
  51. Physical activity and reduced risk of cardiovascular events: potential mediating mechanisms. Circulation 2007 Nov 6;116(19): 2110-2118.
  52. Exercise and cardiovascular risk reduction: time to update the rationale for exercise? J Appl Physiol 2008 Aug;105(2):766-768.
  53. Mayo Cardiorespiratory fitness: an independent and additive marker of risk stratification and health outcomes. Mayo Clin Proc 2009 Sep;84(9):776-779.
  54. The effect of lifelong exercise dose on cardiovascular function during exercise. J Appl Physiol 2014 Apr 1;116(7):736-745.
  55. Prediction of cardiovascular mortality by estimated cardiorespiratory fitness independent of traditional risk factors: the HUNT study. Mayo Clin Proc 2017 Feb;92(2):218-227.
  56. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2008. Accessed 2017 Sep 21. Available from: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.