Urinary protein excretion rate is the best independent predictor of ESRF in non-diabetic proteinuric chronic nephropathies. “Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia” (GISEN). Kidney Int 1998 May;53(5):1209-1216.
The role of proteinuria in the progression of chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 1996 Jun;27(6):765775.
Pathophysiology of progressive nephropathies. N Engl J Med 1998 Nov;339(20):1448-1456.
Nephrotoxicity of increased glomerular protein traffic. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999 Feb;14(2):304-312.
Transforming growth factor-beta1 is up-regulated by podocytes in response to excess intraglomerular passage of proteins: a central pathway in progressive glomerulosclerosis. Am J Pathol 2002 Dec;161(6):2179-2193.
The effect of pentoxifylline on proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2008 Sep;52(3):454-463.
The incidence of gross proteinuria in people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 1991 Jul;151(7):1344-1348.
Halting the progression of chronic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002 Nov;13(Suppl 3):S190-S195.
Chronic renal diseases: renoprotective benefits of renin-angiotensin system inhibition. Ann Intern Med 2002 Apr;136(8):604-615.
Additive antiproteinuric effect of pentoxifylline in patients with type 2 diabetes under angiotensin II receptor blockade: a short-term, randomized, controlled trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005 Jul;16(7):2119-2126.
Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal replacement, and death in the United States Medicare population, 1998 to 1999. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005 Feb;16(2):489-495.
Very low levels of microalbuminuria are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and death independently of renal function, hypertension, and diabetes. Circulation 2004 Jul;110(1):32-35.
Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA 2001 Jul;286(4):421-426.
Clinical practice. Nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2002 Apr;346(15):1145-1151.
Microalbuminuria as a predictor of clinical nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Lancet 1982 Jun;1(8287):1430-1432.
Insulin resistance and microalbuminuria: a cross-sectional, case-control study of 158 patients with type 2 diabetes and different degrees of urinary albumin excretion. Diabetes 2006 May;55(5):14561462.
Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Ann Intern Med 2003 Dec;139(11):901-906.
Urinary albumin excretion predicts cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality in general population. Circulation 2002 Oct;106(14):1777-1782.
Hereditary proteinuria syndromes and mechanisms of proteinuria. N Engl J Med 2006 Mar;354(13):1387-1401.
Ig A nephropathy, the most common cause of glomerulonephritis, is linked to 6q22-23. Nat Genet 2000 Nov;26(3):354-357.
Genetic heterogeneity in Italian families with IgA nephropathy: suggestive linkage for two novel IgA nephropathy loci. Am J Hum Genet 2006 Dec;79(6):1130-1134.
Genome-wide linkage scan of a large family with Ig A nephropathy localizes a novel susceptibility locus to chromosome 2q36. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007 Aug;18(8):2408-2415.
Proteinuria and other markers of chronic kidney disease: a position statement of the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). Am J Kidney Dis 2003 Oct;42(4):617-622.
The natural history of microalbuminuria in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr 1999 Mar;134(3):333-337.
Non diabetic renal disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nephrology 2006 Dec;11(6):533-537.
Is there a need for changes in renal biopsy criteria in proteinuria in Type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002 Nov;58(2):149-153.
Diabetic retinopathy is a poor predictor of type of nephropathy in proteinuric type 2 diabetic patients. J Assoc Physicians India 2007 Jun;55:412-416.
; Croker, BP. Renal biopsy as a guide to the treatment of glomerulonephritis. The therapy in nephrology and hypertension. In: Brady, HR.; Willox, CS., editors. A companion to Brenner and Rector's the kidney. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 1999. p. 85.
Proteinuria as a modifiable risk factor for the progression of non-diabetic renal disease. Kidney Int 2001 Sep;60(3):1131-1140.
Effects of Losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001 Sep;345(12):861-869.
The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001 Sep;345(12):870-878.
Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001 Sep;345(12):851-860.
Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy. Lancet 1997 Jun;349(9069):1857-1863.
Renal function change in hypertensive members of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Racial and treatment effects. The MRFIT Research Group. JAMA 1992 Dec;268(21):3085-3091.
Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease: results from the AASK trial. JAMA 2002 Nov;288(19):2421-2431.
Progression of chronic kidney disease: the role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: a patient-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2003 Aug;139(4):244-252.
K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004 May;43(5 Suppl 1):S1-S290.
Antihypertensive therapy in the presence of proteinuria. Am J Kidney Dis 2007 Jan;49(1):12-26.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and progression of nondiabetic renal disease. A meta-analysis of patient-level data. Ann Intern Med 2001 Jul;135(2):73-87.
Therapeutic measures in proteinuric nephropathy. Kidney Int (Suppl) 2005 Dec;68(99):S137-S141.
Molecular insights into renal interstitial fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996 Dec;7(12):2495-2508.
The clinical course of renal function in NIDDM patients with normo-and microalbuminuria. J Intern Med 1997 Feb;241(2):133-141.
Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000 Jan;355(9200):253-259.
Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes. N Engl J Med 1984 Feb;310(6):356-360.
Low-grade albuminuria and the risks of hypertension and blood pressure progression. Circulation 2005 Mar;111(11):1370-1376.
The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993 Nov;329(20):1456-1462.
The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of diet in Renal Disease Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994 Mar;330(13):877884.
