Citation Information :
Lackland DT. Stroke and Hypertension: Recent Trends of High Blood Pressure and the Decline in Stroke Mortality. Hypertens J 2015; 1 (1):22-27.
Factors influencing the decline in stroke mortality. Stroke 2014;45:315-353.
Epidemiology and prevention of stroke, now and in the future. Epidemiol Rev 2000;22:14-17.
Risk factors for ischemic and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTRokE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010;376:112-123.
Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension 1995;25:305-313.
Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000. JAMA 2003;290:199-206.
Vital signs: prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension-United States, 1999 to 2002 and 2005 to 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011;60:103-108.
The World Health Report 2002: Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: http://www.who.int/whr/2002/. Accessed on: July 23, 2012.
Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-2446.
Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult US population. Data from the health examination surveys, 1960 to 1991. Hypertension 1995;26:60-69.
The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Hypertension: A Companion to Brenner and Rector's The kidney. 2nd edition. In: oparil S, Weber M, editors. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005.
Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults aged 18 and over in the United States, 2001 to 2008. National health statistics reports; no 35. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2011.
Recent trends in the prevalence of high blood pressure and its treatment and control, 1999 to 2008. NCHS Data Brief, no. 48. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2010.
Birth cohort evidence of population influences on blood pressure in the United States, 1887-1994. Ann Epidemiol 2001;11:271-279.
The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560-2572.
Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1997;96:308-315.
Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 2002;287:1003-1010.
Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation 2010;121:586-613.
Assessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study. Lancet 2001;358:1682-1686.
Complications and survival of 315 patients with malignant-phase hypertension. J Hypertens 1995;13:915-924.
Hypertension and the brain. The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:938-945.
Hypertension in African-Americans. Circulation 1991;83:1465-1467.
Predisposing factors for severe, uncontrolled hypertension in an inner-city minority population. N Engl J Med 1992;327:776-781.
Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Prevalence and clinical presentation. Hypertension 1996;27:144-147.
Severely increased blood pressure in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 2003;41:513-529.
outcomes of black and white hypertensive individuals after 30 years of follow-up. Clin Exp Hypertens 1995;17:1091-1105.
Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors for high brachial pulse pressure in blacks versus whites (Charleston Heart Study, Evans County Study, NHANES I and II Studies). Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1514-1517.
Birth cohort evidence of population influences on blood pressure in the United States, 1887-1994. Ann Epidemiol 2001;11:271-279.
Blood pressure control and risk of stroke: a population-based prospective cohort study. Stroke 2005;36:725-730.
Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Lancet 2000;356:1955-1964.
Long-term absolute benefit of lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients according to the JNC VI risk stratification. Hypertension 2000;35:539-543.
Prevention of heart failure by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1997;278:212-216.
Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1991; 265:3255-3264.
Predicting cardiovascular riskusing conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. JAMA 1999;282:539-546.
Baseline characteristics and early blood pressure control in the CoNVINCE Trial. Hypertension 2001;37:12-18.
Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2002;4:393-404.
Thirty-year survival for black and white hypertensive individuals in the Evans County Heart Study and the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. J Am Soc Hypertens 2008;2:448-454.
Final outcome results of the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS). A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1996;276:785791.
Effects of losartan or atenolol in hypertensive patients without clinically evident vascular disease: a substudy of the LIFE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:169177.
Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and beta-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study. Lancet 2000;356:359365.
Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1047-1055.
The effects of losartan compared to atenolol on stroke in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hyper-trophy. The LIFE study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2005; 7:152-158.
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:1004-1010.
outcomes with nifedipine GITS or Coamilozide in hypertensive diabetics and nondiabetics in intervention as a goal in hypertension (INSIGHT). Hypertension 2003;41:431-436.
Valsartan in a Japanese population with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (Jikei Heart Study): a rando-mised, open-label, blinded endpoint morbidity and mortality study. Lancet 2007;369:1431-1439.
Losartan benefits over atenolol in nonsmoking hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Blood Press 2004;13:376-384.
Morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES). Stroke 2005;36:1218-1226.
The Study on cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCoPE)-major CV events and stroke in subgroups of patients. Blood Press 2005;14:31-37.
Cardiovascular events during differing hypertension therapies in patients with diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:77-85.
Clinical outcomes in the diabetes cohort of the International verapamil SR-Trando-lapril study. Hypertension 2004;44:637-642.
The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1261-1266.
Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: the SPS3 randomised trial. Lancet 2013;382:507-515.
Translation of hypertension treatment guidelines into practice: a review of implementation. J Am Soc Hypertens 2011;5:197-207.
Evidencebased guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014;311:507-520.
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community: a statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16:14-26.
ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2013;34:2159-2219.
Implications of new hypertension guidelines in the United States. Hypertension 2012;60:639-644.
Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. JAMA 2002;288:1882-1888.
How far should salt intake be reduced? Hypertension 2003;42:1093-1099.
Progress in the battle against hypertension. Changes in blood pressure levels in the United States from 1960 to 1980. Hypertension 1987;10:226-233.
Implications of the INTERSALT study. Hypertension 1991;17(Suppl 1):I16-I20.