Citation Information :
Thekkinkattil M. A Literature Review of Most Common Symptoms in Respiratory Therapist's Practice: How to Manage Dyspnea in Interstitial Lung Disease. Indian J Respir Care 2024; 13 (1):50-53.
Dyspnea is a distressing symptom prevalent in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients, significantly affecting their quality of life. Understanding the multifaceted nature of dyspnea in ILD is crucial for comprehensive patient care. This article supplies an in-depth exploration of dyspnea in ILD, covering its causes, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic strategies, and treatment approaches. The causes of dyspnea in ILD encompass a spectrum of factors including restrictive lung function, alveolar damage, impaired gas exchange, pulmonary vascular involvement, inflammation, and scarring. These factors collectively contribute to the challenging symptomatology experienced by ILD patients. Pathophysiologically, dyspnea in ILD stems from altered lung mechanics, compromised gas exchange due to fibrotic changes, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and intricate neural pathways involved in dyspnea perception. Diagnosis of dyspnea in ILD necessitates a comprehensive approach involving clinical history, physical examinations, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), imaging studies, biomarkers, and functional assessments like cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Treatment strategies encompass a multidisciplinary approach, integrating pharmacological interventions such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and antifibrotic agents, alongside pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and in severe cases, lung transplantation. This article highlights recent research developments, clinical trials, and advancements in understanding and managing dyspnea in ILD patients. Continual exploration and personalized approaches are imperative to alleviate the burden of dyspnea and enhance the lives of those affected by ILD.
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